不同市场销售中药紫草的质量调查研究

[目的]调查市场上不同批次中药紫草的质量情况。[方法]优选提取方法后同时采用冷浸法和温浸法,以95%乙醇作为溶剂,采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定13个不同批次的紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量。[结果]13批紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量差异较大,且只有3个批次紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量在冷浸法和温浸法2种方法提取时均大于0.8%,另有2个批次紫草中羟基萘醌总色素的含量只在温浸法时大于0.8%。[结论]目前市场上销售的中药紫草质量品质参差不齐,且有很大一部分紫草的质量并不过关。     

小豆种质资源抗氧化性鉴定与评价

为了鉴定评价出小豆资源抗氧化性高的品种,通过测定小豆的总抗氧化能力和羟自由基清除能力,研究来源于不同地区不同颜色的181个小豆品种的抗氧化性。结果表明,粒色,百粒重和所在地区对小豆抗氧化性有不同程度的影响。通过实验研究最终得出,绿色小豆总抗氧化性最高,黄白颜色次之,红色最低;百粒重与抗氧化性成反比,百粒重越大,抗氧化能力越弱,反之则越大;对其中156个红小豆品种进行比较,东北辽宁地区的红小豆品种总抗氧化能力最高,日本最低,但日本品种的羟自由基清除能力很高。     

红芪、黄芪水提液体外清除自由基作用的研究

采用Fenton反应建立羟基自由基(.OH)模型,利用邻苯三酚在碱性环境中自氧化产生超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)模型,研究了红芪、黄芪水提液体外清除自由基的活性.结果表明:2种水提液在生药浓度为5～80mg.mL-1的剂量范围内对.OH的清除效果呈明显的量效依赖关系,其IC50分别为红芪水提液8.686mg.mL-1和黄芪水提液16.662mg.mL-1;二者在生药浓度为25～200mg.mL-1的剂量范围内对O2-.的清除效果呈现明显的量效依赖关系,其IC50分别为红芪水提液176.636mg.mL-1和黄芪水提液185.123mg.mL-1.红芪、黄芪水提液均具有一定的体外清除自由基活性,且红芪的清除效果优于黄芪,因此在以自由基为诱因的疾病防治中建议优先选用红芪.     

超声波处理对玉米黄质的降解机制研究

针对低温超声波辅助提取中玉米黄质的降解现象,通过对玉米黄质样品光谱图、浓度、自由基等测定,解析超声波降解玉米黄质的机制。结果表明,超声波处理后,玉米黄质发生降解。并且随功率和时间的增加,玉米黄质的光谱图改变、453 nm最大吸收值降低,浓度下降。通过分析同等条件下超声波处理对苯二甲酸之后所产生的邻羟基对苯二甲酸的量,发现超声波处理过程中羟自由基与玉米黄质的降解呈相关性,揭示了超声波通过产生自由基降解玉米黄质的规律和机制。     

自由基化学改性氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

氧化石墨烯（Graphene Oxide,GO）拥有较大的比表面积和较高的稳定性，可用来吸附水体中的多种污染物，其潜在功能稳定性具有规模化应用前景。考虑到GO在高级氧化体系中结构和形貌会发生改变，探究了经UV/H2O2和UV/过硫酸盐(Persulfate, PS)产生强氧化性自由基的体系处理后所得GOs对亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue, MB)的吸附性能。氧化性自由基体系光源为300 W中压汞灯，30 mL GO储备液(1 mg/mL)在2种氧化体系下反应1、2、4 h后制得GOs。实验考察了不同反应条件对GOs吸附动力学的影响，傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了GOs氧化前后表面官能团的变化。结果显示，经UV/H2O2, UV/PS氧化1 h后，GOs表面的含氧官能团数量开始明显减少；吸附动力学过程更符合准二级动力学模型（R2>0.999）；吸附热力学过程更符合Langmuir模型，MB饱和吸附量(经UV/H2O2和UV/PS氧化1、2、4 h后分别记G1-1, G1-2, G1-3, G2-1, G2-2, G2-3)依次为580.26, 591.80, 598.63, 521.77, 554.91, 568.00 mg/g。研究表明，GO可以快速吸附较大浓度范围内的MB，且对低浓度染料表现出更好的去除效果；GO对MB的吸附量随着pH值的增加逐渐增大，且在碱性条件下的增加得更明显；经氧化处理后，GOs的吸附性能随着氧化时间的增长，性能减弱，尤其在UV/PS体系中更为显著。     

我国大豆种子球蛋白2S组分的研究——2S球蛋白的某些性质

本实验对2S球蛋白的四个组分进行了SDS—PAGE分子量测定,氨基酸组成分析,沉降超离心分析,Dansy1—C1法N—末端氨基酸测定和蛋白酶抑制剂活性测定。结果表明:2S球蛋白四个组分的分子量按SⅡP_1,SⅡP_2,SⅡP_3和SⅡP_4的顺序分别为22,800,21,500,19,200和17,800。所含残基数分别为191,179,163和147个。SⅡP_1,SⅡP_2和SⅡP_3三者的沉降系数(Sw.20)分别为2.1S,1.9S和1.8S。N—末端分析表明这四种蛋白质的N—末端均为天冬氨酸。还发现只有SⅡP_2具有丝氨酸类蛋白酶抑制剂活性。本实验所提纯的这个抑制剂(SⅡP_2)的一个ATEE单位为0.4ug抑制剂蛋白(特指对α—chymotrypsin发生作用时)。α—chymotrypsin与此抑制剂(SⅡP_2)相互作用时的克分子数比为E/I=2/1。     

植物半胱氨酸合成酶复合体(SAT/OAS-TL)研究进展

综述了植物半胱氨酸的合成调节和半胱氨酸合成酶复合体的结构、调节机理及其植物转基因的研究进展。     

Volatile constituents, inorganic elements and primary screening of bioactivity of black coral cigarette holders

Black corals (BC) have been used for a long time in Chinese medicine, and may have some pharmaceutical functions when used as material for cigarette holders in southeast China. This study is aimed to investigate the bioactivities of volatile constituents in BC and to explore the folklore behind the use of BC cigarette holders (BCCHs). We extracted the volatile constituents of BC by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide (CO₂-SFE), then identified and analyzed the constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 15 components were reliably identified in BC and found to be biologically active. These included triethyl phosphate, butylated hydroxytoluene, cedrol, n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, and cholesterol. Meanwhile 13 inorganic elements (P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Si, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba, etc.) were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICPS). In the bioactivity tests, the BC extract (BCE) showed a scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals and hydroxyl radicals by phenanthroline-Fe (II) oxidation and moderate inhibition of Gram-positive microorganisms. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of BC, which are related to the active chemical composition, may explain the perceived benefit for cigarette smokers who use BCCHs.     

银与光所产生的协同效应的微生物灭活现象观察

研究发现在使用紫外线(UV-A,395nm)进行照射时,银溶液对微生物的灭活作用得到增强,特别是对真核微生物的灭活作用得到显著增强。为解明这种银与光所产生的协同效应的微生物灭活机理,使用电子自旋共振仪(Electron Spin Resonance,ESR)对溶液进行检测,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及测定线粒体酶活性等方法,推测出了其作用机理,即在光照下氧化银(Ag2O)被激活并与水分子发生反应产生羟基自由基(.OH)。羟基自由基破坏真核微生物的细胞壁,失活其细胞内线粒体酶活性,从而引起真核微生物细胞死灭。     

Expression of DNMT in gastric cancer and effects of DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine on gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the protein expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L) in gastric cancer and the effects of DNMT inhibitor (5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine) on gastric cancer. METHODS: The method of immunohistochemistry was used to detect DNMT expression in 60 pairs of gastric cancer and corresponding non-cancerous tissues. The expression of DNMT in gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901 and MKN-45) and gastric mucosa cells (GES-1) was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in the cell lines of SGC-7901, MKN-45 and GES-1 were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment. RESULTS: Both gastric cancer and corresponding non-cancerous tissues expressed 5 kinds of DNMT proteins, but the expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A were significantly lower in gastric cancer than those in non-cancerous tissues (P<0.01). The expression levels of DNMT2 and DNMT3L were also lower in the cancer than those in non-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). No difference of DNMT3B expression level between cancer and non-cancerous tissues was observed (P>0.05). On the other hand, the cells lines of SGC-7901, MKN-45 and GES-1 also expressed DNMT proteins. Except DNMT3B, no difference of the other kinds of DNMT between gastric cancer cells and gastric mucosa cells was observed. DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine did not have any effect on the growth rate, cell cycle distribution or apoptotic rate in gastric cancer cells and gastric mucosa cells. CONCLUSION: Gastric cancer expresses low levels of DNMT proteins than normal gastric mucosa. 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine is not useful for treating gastric cancer.